Bested!  Is the World's Fine-Wine Community Above & Beyond Morality?

World's Highest Priced Wine:? The Cricova winery collection from Moldova, with the two largest wine cellars in the world ( Milestii Mici is the largest), contains a Jewish desert wine produced in Jerusalem in 1902. According to rumor, $1,000,000 was offered for this wine. Cricova is  known for hiding Jews in wine barrels during the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union.  Clearly, such value is not just a function of the usual sensory attributes of taste and tannins and arguably, the most expensive may not be the best. Even the best may no longer be the best.

 

The fine-wine community produces, evaluates, appreciates, and consumes the world's best wines, according to criteria of excellence evolved over evolutionary time. These criteria need radical reframing for the non-evolutionary conditions we confront in 2015. 

Evolution moves slowly, weeding out the less fit and promoting the genes of the more fit. When global conditions change more rapidly than Evolution can keep up with, humans need to use their brains to re-evaluate what's working and what's not.

Morality and ethics deal with values and judgments of behavior: good, bad, indifferent, and everything in-between. Because values vary by individual, group, context, place,  time, and events, judgments of what is good or bad vary accordingly. For any one individual or group, judgments of good or bad may emerge from competing values, profound conflicts of interests, and major compromises. As a rule, if it works, it's good--albeit whether just good enough or really good. Often, alternatives are considered in the assessment of what is good enough and what works may embody difficult compromises.

   
Quality Reconceptualized  to include Ecology

In the past, wines have been rated by wine experts according to mostly sensory values, such as taste color and body,  fidelity to varietal, uniqueness, tannins, color, body, complexity, etc. Rating by experts  for the world's best wines range from 90 to 100 and are considered the best wines available, regardless of cost. or other considerations.

As a rule, fine wines are chosen by individual consumers according to the historical quality of the winery's wines (e.g., on their waitlist,  tastings events, or online newsletters); from reports by their preferred raters; often from local distributors, and more randomly from various critiques from raters and consumers to be found on the Internet. Price is a factor for most but frequently, not the deciding factor in final choices. Environmental profiles have tended to have negative price value.

A few fine-wine producers report on their environmental management practices but in general, the better the wine, the less likely there is for here to be substantial information using metrics-based data for the winery's environmental practices. Noblesse Oblige is an ethic that still belongs to those who produce and enjoy the best: with privilege comes responsibility. Unlike the stewardship of medieval times, when the obligation was to take care of one's land and inhabitants, the obligation of producers today is to help consumers world-wide develop life-cycle thinking. You can share the fish you catch or you can teach others how to fish.

Stewardship is the concept and Best Management  refers to the set of practices promoted in this website. Stewardship shared by producers and consumers is our framework.While not everyone can be classified as a producer, no one is exempt from consuming. The logical conclusion is that the most important category of individuals for preserving vibrant ecosystems is not the producer, historically the one most responsible, but that of consumers.  What we choose to buy and consume drives the world's economies and future.
  

Test Case

 Our  test case is this:
Given a choice between two Cabernet Sauvignons (or any other) rated between 90 and 100 by the world's best raters, how can a consumer who would like to assume stewardship responsibility for the environment know which winery produces wines using methods most likely to promote vibrant ecosystems into the imaginable future? Our underlying assumption in that if everything else is equal, most consumers will choose wine produced according to those ecological practices considered by scientists to do no harm to the environment and in the ideal situation, from a winery actively engaged in conservation, restoration, water capture and recycling, low or no chemical inputs, biodiversity and community engagement and education.


In the next posts the websites of wineries producing wines rated from 90-100 by Wine Spectator and Robert Parker are examined for their published information about environmental management goals,  practices, progress, and challenges.Because our focus is the fine-wine community, and because resources allow this population to choose wines from everywhere at a huge range of prices, we look at environmental profiles  from wineries world-wide with the overarching filter of having produced a wine rated 90 to 100.

Fixing the Water Fix-its

"The state has prepared a plan for water supply not only district wise but also village wise. We have also directed the administration to reserve 10 per cent additional water for animals. It is for the first time in the history of the state that fodder camps are operational in the month of August.” - See more at Indian Express

World-wide, the major targets of publicly acclaimed Governmental water fix-it-or residential programs are the individual water users. World-wide, the biggest users and abusers are industry and agriculture, supported by lobbyists who have clout mechanisms to manipulate ongoing regulatory attempts.  To simplify and illuminate, our focus is on the California Central and South Coast wineries as agricultural exemplars of the complex of agricultural water use. It is not simple, but it is the most basic issue of our time.

Residential water users account for about 20 % of California water use, with the rest accounted to agriculture and industry. Agricultural water users have yet to be subjected to regulation.  The State has offered gentle admonitions to develop to develop, over the next few years, plans and better manage  groundwater and surface water use.

What's Wrong with this Picture?

"September 14, 2015 03:21 PM Eastern Daylight Time

SACRAMENTO, Calif .-- ( BUSINESS WIRE ) - Save Our ​​Water  - California's official Statewide conservation education program - Launched today its "Fix It For Good" public education campaign at a demonstration event replacement turf put on by the California Department of General Services at the State Capitol. The campaign urges Californians to "Fix It For Good" by making permanent changes to save water by rethinking have yards, toilets and fixtures Water Efficient going with new and fixing leaks. " Business Wire

While conservation efforts  of the major residential users of water should be congratulated  residential water users account for only 20% of California water use. About 80% of water use is attributable to agriculture and industry.

The residential consumer has learned to give up green natural grass lawns and water-greedy plants, to flush discreetly, take short showers, and effectively has substantially reduced residential water use across California. But residential use accounts for less than 20% of total water use for California. So what is happening with the rest?  Where are the water reports by farmers on their water management progress publicly available for scrutiny? Who is laudable and who is not? Who and what are actually being regulated? What will be the penalties for violations as the new regulatory water environment emerges? hen will this happen? Who is the oversight?

Caveat Emptor : if media reports are governmentally based, pay attention to the big picture. Is this a focus-defocus Political manouevre? Are the major water users 'non-transparent' Activities to the average still stakeholder? Is everyone except Agriculture sacrificing ??

Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. has mandated all Californians to reduce water use by 25 percent and to prevent water and waste. I have only to walk into my bathroom to monitor one activity and see that  I am actively conserving water by not flushing.What is happening with California's major water user--agriculture? where is the accountability, community engagement,  and transparency?

 Residential California water users are conserving. Engaging in the water dialogue is also part of this picture.  Assuming Agricultural users in the Central Valley of California and elsewhere are Californians, I look though Governmental websites to find publications about water conservation efforts into  by California farmers. What progress is being made in ongoing efforts of Central Valley Agricultural businesses to reduce and eliminate over-consumption ,subsidence, nitrogen pollution of soil and water, and depletion of groundwater. Where can I go to find out? Who has and who has not modified water use of water and soil with stewardship goals? Where are the publicly available draft proposals by California and commentable agricultural enterprises for protecting groundwater?

Who Will Get the Water, When Push Comes to Shove?

 This post series encourages stakeholders to become as knowledgeable as possible in the shortest possible time in order to effectively participate in the design of their water futures, which are for sale to the highest bidders.

I wonder if they'll take 213 pounds of  whelks for an acre-foot. of water.

 
Over the next 10 years water use is destined to become closely monitored,  metered, and regulated by agencies both appointed and elected. Need to know for stakeholder-stewards includes such basic as how water is measured (acre-feet as well as gallons), how geography relates to regional water accounting units (DAUs), what aquifers or water-basins are, how ground-water is depleted, clean-water scarcity as a world problem, what are the sources of all water supplied to Californians, very local issues such as what it means  to the community when a specific DAU cannot meet its water need, who determines allocations and use, and more.

Long-term design is most likely to successfully meet all stakeholders' goals when based on science, inclusive demographics, as well as accounting for and balancing the needs and desires of specific interest groups like agribusiness, environmentalists and planners. The conflicts of interests with the greatest impact on individual water futures in California is that of sustainable water use and the California agricultural lobby, with groundwater issues pivotal. The new water regulatory environment outlined by Governor Brown, with conservation measures ordered for urban users of a 25% mandatory cut in water use, still excludes specific regulations for agriculture, though agriculture accounts for 80 % of water use in California. The Central Valley, though climatically more desert than tropic, is considered the breadbasket of the world, but is not a natural world wonder but an intensely engineered one currently undergoing groundwater arms race, in which those who can afford to dig the deepest wells are those most likely to survive, until the aquifers are depleted.

Groundwater Legislation

 The conflict of interests with the greatest impact on individual water futures in Santa Barbara County is that of sustainable water use and the California agricultural lobby, with groundwater issues pivotal. The new water regulatory environment outlined by Governor Brown, with conservation measures ordered for urban users of a 25% mandatory cut in water use, still excludes specific regulations for agriculture, though agriculture accounts for 80 % of water use in California. The Central Coast, though climatically more desert than tropic, is considered the breadbasket of the world, but is not a natural world wonder but an intensely engineered one.

The legislation passed in September of 2014 specifies that local agencies need to develop plans for groundwater use  that can be tailored to regional needs and conditions.:

The legislation prioritizes groundwater basins that are currently overdrafted  or at risk and sets a timeline for implementation:

- By 2017, local groundwater management agencies must be identified;
- By 2020, overdrafted groundwater basins must have sustainability plans;
- By 2022, other high and medium priority basins not currently in overdraft must have sustainability plans; and
- By 2040, all high and medium priority groundwater basins must achieve sustainability.

No immediate conservation measures were mandated for agriculture. meanwhile, throughout the Central Valley, more wells are being dug deeper and at greater cost by those who can afford it to meet dwindling  supplies of water for their purposes. Subsidence and Central Valley aquifer depletion are both collateral damage. Similar pictures reflect water scarcity drilling frenzy and groundwater depletion in Northern India, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the US. This is a water arms race, where he and she who can drill deeper survive longer while  land is reported to be sinking half an inch a month and groundwater levels appear to be sinking faster in the Central Valley than anywhere else in the United States, according to a recent U.S. Geological Survey.

Consider the City of Santa Barbara, iconic of the good life

While clean water and "the good life" are not usually linked in one sentence or thought, drought forces reconceptualizing what the good life ultimately depends on. Clean water.
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The City of Santa Barbara, to use one specific  example used for the purpose of limiting the complexity of the water supply and demand issues to one relatively simplified, localized example for possible better understanding of how water supply and demand work in most regions of California, depends on five different water supplies to meet local demands: Local Surface Water, Local Groundwater, State Water, Recycled Water, and Desalinated Water. Each of these will be addressed below to evaluate how they might or might not meet SB community demands for clean water.

 Under normal weather conditions average water use by Californians  is supplied 70% from surface water supplies (rivers, lakes, stored water such as reservoirs and canals) and 30% from groundwater supplies, stored in natural geological structures called aquifers. During extended drought the average user draws on groundwater supplies for 80% of water used. In some regions, such as the Central Coast, almost 100 % of the water supplied is from groundwater.

 

More than 50 groundwater basins have been identified in SB County. Prioritization studies suggest that several regions are at risk for supply exceeding demand: specifically the Cuyama and San Antonio regions. In August of 2015 the Cuyama Valley DAU is considered an area in which supply already exceeds demand. A groundwater basin is defined as the underground area from which groundwater drains.  Basins can be separated by geologic or hydrologic boundaries.

Surface Water: Lake Cachuma is SB’s primary source of surface water, though recharge is from rain and other sources. As of Aug 25, 2015, 40,751 acre feet are stored, according to the Bureau of Reclamation, which is 21.1 % of capacity storage. On an average annual basis, Lake Cachuma provides approximately one-quarter of the water used in the Central Coastal Region and 80 percent of Santa Barbara County’s   water supply.

State Water: For 2015 SB Co requested 45 486 acre-feet from the State Water project and was granted 6823 AFY, or 15% of the water requested. The ultimate source of all water for the State Water Project is the Feather River,a tributary of the Sacramento River. State water's largest reservoir is Lake Oroville, with a water capacity of 3.5 million acre feet. This August 2015, Lake Oroville is at 25% capcity, or about 890,000 acre feet. Santa Barbara County is entitled to 45,486 AFY., stored in the San Luis Reservoir. more at: http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2014/02/07/tri-county-cities-scramble-as-state-cuts-water-deliveries/#sthash.k3qG3sjC.dpuf

State water allocations depend not only on politics but also on rain, diversions from the feather River, e.g., all demands on this supply and their priorities.

Recycled Water: The City's Recycled Water Project recycles approximately 800 acre feet of treated wastewater each year.The cost per acre foot of recycled water is approximately $1,200. To put this figure into perspective: Central valley water costs farmers anywhere from $500 per acre-foot up.

Desalinated Seawater : Santa Barbara's desal plant was constructed in 1991 and deactivated after plentiful rainfall made operation un-economical. The capital costs to reactivate the plant with a capacity of 3,125 acre-feet per year1 (AFY) are estimated at $55 million. Annual operating costs are estimated to be about $4.1 million at full production (for 3,125 AFY of water supply), and about $1.6 million in standby ready-state mode. Planned delivery of desalinated water is for 2016.

None of the above will meet water demands in SB County.

 

Fundamentals

When speaking of large water quantities, the unit of measure is the acre-foot or acre-inch, the amount of water required to cover one acre either 12 inches or 1 inch. Most Americans are familiar with gallons, so to get an idea of the large quantities used to supply water to a region or for irrigation, stakeholders who want to speak the water world language, need to become comfortable with both. One-acre-foot is 325,851 gallons; an acre-inch is 27,154 gallons. Some agricultural water demand statistics are reported as acre-feet of water per acre of crop.

Putting Stats into a Context

The average household in this County uses between 30,000 to 90,000 gallons of water a year. According to Wikipedia,

 "A 2000 study of a sampling of 735 California homes across ten water districts found that the weighted average annual total water use of these homes was 132,000 US gallons (0.41 acre. ft) per year or 362 US gallons (0.00111 acre. ft) per household per day."

The average per capita use of water in the city of Santa Barbara is 130 gallons per day, which reflects current conservation practices, with Goleta using less and Montecito about triple SB City residential use. These data are supplied as basics for water literacy in our region. On the average, at least half of local domestic water use is for outside purposes, including but not restricted to landscaping, which is particularly important in Montecito.  About half of the water used indoors is for bath-shower and toilet.
In 2013 gross water use for the city of Santa Barbara was reported as 15438 acre-feet.

DAUS

The DAU  (Detailed Accounting Unit) is the geographical accounting unit for water in a specific area. This concept is useful largely  for regulatory and insights, based on diverse studies, with diverse purposes.  the stakeholder needs to attend to who reports what and why.

The United States is divided and sub-divided into successively smaller hydrologic units which are classified into four levels: regions, sub-regions, accounting units, and cataloging units. The hydrologic units are arranged or nested within each other, from the largest geographic area (regions) to the smallest geographic area (cataloging units). Each hydrologic unit is identified by a unique hydrologic unit code (HUC) consisting of two to eight digits based on the four levels of classification in the hydrologic unit system.Each DAU is watershed based, encompassing one or more rivers and their tributaries, and one or more groundwater basins. Within Santa Barbara County, there are five DAUs: the Santa Maria (DAU 71), the San Antonio (DAU 73), the Santa Ynez (DAU 74), the South Coast (DAU 75), and the Cuyama Valley (DAU 76).

These last three posts provide an overview of what stakeholders need to understand in order to participate effectively in their water futures, which can be considered proxies for the good life.

.............................................................................................................................................................................

Who Should Get the Water, when push comes to shove?

I wonder if they'll take 213 pounds of  whelks for an acre-foot. of water.

This post series encourages stakeholders, by becoming as knowledgeable as possible in a very short time, to vigorously participate in the design of their water futures, which are destined to become closely monitored,  metered, and regulated by agencies both appointed and elected. Need to know includes such basic as how water is measured (acre-feet as well as gallons), how geography is delineated for water accounting, what aquifers or water-basins are, what are the sources of all water supplied to Californians, who determines allocations and use, and more.

Long-term design is most likely to successfully meet all stakeholders' goals when based on science, inclusive demographics, as well as accounting for and balancing the needs and desires of specific interest groups like agribusiness, environmentalists and planners. 

We focus on the Central Coast of California. The conflicts of interests with the greatest impact on individual water futures in Santa Barbara County is that of sustainable water use and the California agricultural lobby, with groundwater issues pivotal. The new water regulatory environment outlined by Governor Brown, with conservation measures ordered for urban users of a 25% mandatory cut in water use, still excludes specific regulations for agriculture, though agriculture accounts for 80 % of water use in California. The Central Coast, though climatically more desert than tropic, is considered the breadbasket of the world, but is not a natural world wonder but an intensely engineered one.

The legislation passed in September of 2014 specifies that local agencies need to develop plans for groundwater use  that can be tailored to regional needs and conditions.:

The legislation prioritizes groundwater basins that are currently overdrafted  or at risk and sets a timeline for implementation:

- By 2017, local groundwater management agencies must be identified;
- By 2020, overdrafted groundwater basins must have sustainability plans;
- By 2022, other high and medium priority basins not currently in overdraft must have sustainability plans; and
- By 2040, all high and medium priority groundwater basins must achieve sustainability.

No immediate conservation measures were mandated for agriculture. Simultaneously, throughout the Central Valley, more wells are being dug deeper and at greater cost by those who can afford it to meet dwindling  supplies of water for their purposes. Similar pictures reflect water scarcity drilling frenzy and groundwater depletion in Northern India, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the US. This is a water arms race, where he and she who can drill deeper survive longer while  land is reported to be sinking half an inch a month and groundwater levels appear to be sinking faster in the Central Valley than anywhere else in the United States, according to a recent U.S. Geological Survey.

Consider the  example of the City and County of Santa Barbara, iconic of the good life

The City of Santa Barbara, to use one specific  example used for the purpose of limiting the complexity of the water supply and demand issues to one relatively simplified ,localized example for possible better understanding of how water supply and demand work in most regions of California, depends on five different water supplies to meet local demands: Local Surface Water, Local Groundwater, State Water, Recycled Water, and Desalinated Water. Each of these will be addressed below to evaluate how they might or might not meet SB community demands for clean water.

 Under normal weather conditions average water use by Californians  is supplied 70% from surface water supplies (rivers, lakes, stored water such as reservoirs and canals) and 30% from groundwater supplies, stored in natural geological structures called aquifers. During extended drought the average user draws on groundwater supplies for 80% of water used. In some regions, such as the Central Coast, almost 100 % of the water supplied is from groundwater.

Groundwater basins are prioritized under the new sustainable water legislation according to level of concern for risks of depletion, subsidence, and saltwater-intrusion.

Prioritization studies suggest that several regions are at risk for supply exceeding demand: specifically the Cuyama and San Antonio regions.

Most estimates of future supply of water are based on data that is sketchy, such as that for groundwater reserves, assumptions about use, which may be accurate or may not, and weather predictions, which under the condition of Climate Change uncertainty, makes predictions regarding future supplies porblematic.The above line graph predicts that for three out of the five detailed water accounting units (DAUs, see below),  supply may be just barely met in 2040.

Fundamentals

When speaking of large water quantities, the unit of measure is the acre-foot or acre-inch, the amount of water required to cover one acre either 12 inches or 1 inch. Most Americans are familiar with gallons, so to get an idea of the large quantities used to supply water to a region or for irrigation, stakeholders who want to speak the water world language, need to become comfortable with both. One-acre-foot is 325,851 gallons; an acre-inch is 27,154 gallons.

Putting Stats into a Context

The average household in this County uses between 30,000 to 90,000 gallons of water a year. According to Wikipedia,
 "A 2000 study of a sampling of 735 California homes across ten water districts found that the weighted average annual total water use of these homes was 132,000 US gallons (0.41 acre. ft) per year or 362 US gallons (0.00111 acre. ft) per household per day."


The average per capita use of water in the city of Santa Barbara is 130 gallons per day, which reflects current conservation practices, with Goleta using less and Montecito about triple SB City residential use. These data are supplied as basics for water literacy in our region. On the average, at least half of local domestic water use is for outside purposes, including but not restricted to landscaping, which is particularly important in Montecito.  About half of the water used indoors is for bath-shower and toilet. 

  Supply-side

 The County contains four principal watersheds: the Santa Maria, which includes the Cuyama and Sisquoc watersheds and covers 1,845 square miles; San Antonio Creek that covers 165 square miles; Santa Ynez that covers 900 square miles; and the South Coast, which is comprised of 50 short, steep watersheds extending from the ridge of the Santa Ynez Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.  Four major rivers drain these watersheds: the Santa Maria, Sisquoc, Cuyama, and Santa Ynez. Rainfall is variable, with stream flow a function of rainfall. Accounting units are not geographically the same as watersheds, see below for accounting. Most avocados and 75% of nursery and hot-house crops and plants are raised in the South Coast watershed area, with water supplied from groundwater and surface water supplies including Cachuma, Gibraltar, and Juncal Dams (under normal conditions, which exclude the present extended drought). Wineries are scattered throughout the county. (blue on map below)

 Under normal weather conditions average water use by Californians  is supplied 70% from surface water supplies (rivers, lakes, stored water such as reservoirs or Lakes such as Lake Cachuma or Gibraltar Reservoir, along with whatever is present in canals) and 30% from groundwater supplies, stored in natural geological structures called aquifers. During extended drought the average user draws on groundwater supplies for 80% of water used. In some regions, such as the Central Coast, almost 100 % of the water supplied is from groundwater. The state allocates but does not always supply what is classified as surface water.

 Consider the Other Suppliers

Surface Water: Lake Cachuma is SB’s primary source of surface water, though recharge is from rain and other sources. As of Aug 25, 2015, 40,751 acre feet are stored, according to the Bureau of Reclamation, which is 21.1 % of capacity storage. On an average annual basis, Lake Cachuma provides approximately one-quarter of the water used in the Central Coastal Region and 80 percent of Santa Barbara County’s   water supply.

State Water: For 2015 SB Co requested 45 486 acre-feet from the State Water project and was granted   6823 AFY, or 15% of the water requested. The ultimate source of all water for the State Water Project is the Feather River,a tributary of the Sacramento River. State water's largest reservoir is Lake Oroville, with a water capacity of 3.5 million acre feet. This August 2015, Lake Oroville is at 25% capcity, or about 890,000 acre feet. Santa Barbara County is entitled to 45,486 AFY., stored in the San Luis Reservoir. more at: http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2014/02/07/tri-county-cities-scramble-as-state-cuts-water-deliveries/#sthash.k3qG3sjC.dpuf

Under conditions of extended drought state-wide, such as we are now addressing, State Water supplies tend to dwindle to almost nothing,

Recycled Water: The City's Recycled Water Project recycles approximately 800 acre feet of treated wastewater each year.The cost per acre foot of recycled water is approximately $1,200. To put this figure into perspective: Central valley water costs farmers anywhere from $500 per acre-foot up.

Desalinated Seawater : Santa Barbara's desal plant was constructed in 1991 and deactivated after plentiful rainfall made operation un-economical. The capital costs to reactivate the plant with a capacity of 3,125 acre-feet per year1 (AFY) are estimated at $55 million. Annual operating costs are estimated to be about $4.1 million at full production (for 3,125 AFY of water supply), and about $1.6 million in standby ready-state mode. Planned delivery of desalinated water is for 2016.

None of the above will meet the demands of residents in SB County.

The Biggest Source and Issues  for Groundwater

During extended drought conditions such as we are dealing with today, August 30, 2015, ground water is the only source on which water users in the Central Coast can rely.

Groundwater: Although there are many, to a large extend unclassified and unmonitored groundwater basins or aquifers on the central Coast, the major ones are increasinglu understood and monitored. The major South Coast Groundwater Basins include: Carpinteria, Montecito, Santa Barbara, Foothill, and the Goleta Groundwater Basins.  The major groundwater basins within the Santa Ynez River Watershed are, from east to west: Santa Ynez Uplands, Santa Ynez River Alluvial, Buellton Uplands, Lompoc Uplands, Lompoc Plain, and Lompoc Terrace Basins. These basins are adjacent to the Santa Ynez River and lie between the San Rafael Mountains to the North and east and the Santa Ynez Mountains to the South. Each basin is affected to some extent by water rights agreements and Cachuma Reservoir operations. Primary among these is the Water Rights Order 89-18 and the 2000 Biologic Opinion from the National Marine Fisheries Service. 

Water use within the Santa Ynez Uplands Groundwater Basin is primarily for agriculture though there is also urban use within portions of the basin supplied by Santa Ynez Water Conservation District ID#1. The most recent report, dated 2014, by SB county agencies indicates how water levels in all major basins have changed according to agency calculations. http://cosb.countyofsb.org/uploadedFiles/pwd/Water/WaterAgency/Status%20Report%20on%20Groundwater%20Basins_Final2.pdf

Geographical Accounting Units 

The DAU is the geographical accounting unit for water in a specific area. This concept is useful largely  for regulatory and insights, based on diverse studies, with diverse purposes.  the stakeholder needs to attend to who reports what and why.

To summarize the last three posts, if stakeholders want their water futures to match their needs and desires for how water is accessed and distributed, they need to become knowledgeable and vitally active.